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DAVID ATTENBOROUGH:
Asia is home
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to the most extraordinary
animals.
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(GRUNTS)
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But they are under pressure
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that is increasing
as never before.
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(BIRDS CALL)
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(ROARS)
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All over the continent,
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remarkable people
are dedicating their lives
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to saving them.
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Their aim is to ensure a future
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where humans and wildlife
can coexist.
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Northeast Borneo...
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...home to one of Asia's
most elusive mammals.
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Sun bears.
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No-one knows how many
are left in the wild...
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...but they face tremendous
threats from deforestation
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and poaching.
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All too often,
orphaned cubs are sold as pets.
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And those that are rescued...
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...end up at the Bornean
Sun Bear Conservation Centre
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run by Dr Siew Te Wong...
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Hey, hey, hey.
Be nice, be nice.
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...also known as Papa Bear.
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People give me that name,
Papa Bear,
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because all of these
is my kids.
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But yet,
I'm a wildlife biologist.
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I want bears to live
in the forest
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and not in captivity,
not even here.
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One of the sanctuary's
residents, Sika,
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is about to begin her journey
back to the wild.
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This will be the culmination
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of years of care
and rehabilitation.
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Sika came to our centre
on March 2017.
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When we first got her, she was
about three, four months old.
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You see her eyes -
she looks very sad,
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does not want to interact.
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Here, of course,
we have to play the role
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as a surrogate mother.
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And then
she is getting bigger now,
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you know. And... hey,
with that kind of strength,
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this is something that
you do not want to mess with.
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You need to have a lot of love
and patience.
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The process of rehabilitating
and taking care of a bear cub
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is a very, very, long process -
it takes years.
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DAVID: Before her release can
begin, Sika must be darted -
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to avoid unnecessary stress,
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and to protect the team.
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(SIKA BARKS)
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Although roughly the size
of a Labrador,
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sun bears have
incredibly strong jaws...
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...and they could easily Kill
a human.
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Once sedated,
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the team have limited time
to move her.
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SIEW TE: The clock is ticking,
definitely.
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Fingers crossed
that everything's go well.
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DAVID: She is placed
in a metal crate,
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specially designed so that
she cannot chew her way out.
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SIEW TE: OK.
There's no going back now.
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OK.
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(UNTRANSLATED INSTRUCTIONS)
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One, two, three.
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All right, let's go.
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DAVID: The team travel at night
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to avoid the searing heat
of the day,
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which could be fatal for
an animal inside a metal box.
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In order for
our reintroductions
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to be successful,
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we need to send them
deep in the jungle,
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where they're not going to see
any humans ever again.
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The final leg
of Sika's journey...
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...will be by helicopter.
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(ROTORS WHIRRING)
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The sedative is wearing off...
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...and the temperature
is rising.
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And there's a bigger problem.
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The landing site
is under cloud cover.
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PILOT: I'd give it about
an hour, like 10.30 at least.
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- 10.307?
- 10.30 we decide,
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because it's still very covered
on that side.
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It looks kind of blue now,
it's moving that way,
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but it's still kind of sitting.
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Er...
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It's not ideal for the bears
to bake
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under the sun for too long.
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So basically you need to do it
before this last trip.
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Yes, yes, yeah, yeah.
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SIEW TE: Working in the forest
or working with the animals,
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safety always come first.
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It is very dangerous,
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but I feel like we still need
to continue the work
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because if we don't do it,
nobody will,
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and the bears
would have no future.
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Yeah, OK.
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(UNTRANSLATED INSTRUCTIONS)
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DAVID: News comes through that
there's a break in the weather.
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OK.
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(UNTRANSLATED)
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Oh!
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For the team,
there is not a moment to lose.
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It's risky.
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The crate could spin
uncontrollably,
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so palm fronds are attached
to steady it.
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The only place to land
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is a small patch
of volcanic mud.
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After over 20 hours
in the crate...
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. Sika is now only moments
from freedom.
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(GRUNTS)
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One second, one second.
OK. OK, OK.
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All right, so get ready.
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Here. All right, Sika, this is
it, your last journey end.
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(BEEP)
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So I wish you all the best.
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Yeah, I wish you all the best.
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Wish you all the best.
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Wish you a happy...
Wish you a long life.
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Yeah, OK.
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OK?
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Pulling. Go!
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SIEW TE: The moment
I open that door
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and the bears dash out
into the forest,
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they are all on their own.
I cannot help them any more.
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It's not guaranteed
that we can
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make sure that the bears
can live happily ever after.
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But I think
after all the hard work,
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It Is still the right thing
to do.
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The bears deserve a second
chance to be in the wild.
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DAVID: In this protected
reserve...
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...bears like Sika
can still make a home.
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But in some
of the continent's forests,
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wildlife is being removed
at an alarming rate.
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Java, Indonesia.
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This rainforest
should provide a habitat
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for a multitude of birds
with melodious songs.
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But the jungle
is falling silent.
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(CHEEPING)
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In stark contrast,
the bird markets
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are noisier than ever.
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Keeping birds that sing as pets
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is a deep-rooted tradition
in Indonesia.
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And in recent years,
a new craze has emerged.
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Singing competitions take place
all over the country.
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(BIRD SINGS)
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The stakes are high.
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Big-money prizes are on offer.
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(BIRD-LIKE WHISTLE)
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Many of these birds have been
taken from the wild...
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...and the hobby
is driving some species
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towards extinction.
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Panji Gusti Akbar
is determined
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that one very special species
isn't going to vanish.
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All this security
is here for a reason.
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Within these walls
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is one of the rarest birds
in the world...
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(BIRD CALLS)
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...the Javan green magpie.
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(CALLS)
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OK, shall we start with
the body condition score?
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Three and a half.
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Here, a breeding program me
is being run
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with the aim of releasing
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captive-bred magpies
into the wild.
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But the team face
a huge challenge.
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(THUNDER CRASHES)
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Panji will only release
his captive-bred birds
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if he can find a population
of wild magpies
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with which they can breed.
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But with so few left...
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...It's a near-impossible task.
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He is deploying
new technology -
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sound traps -
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microphones that pick up
every noise in the jungle.
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Software powered by
artificial intelligence
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helps Panji analyse
all the recordings.
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(RECORDING HISSES)
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But it still takes
hours and hours of listening.
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We just need to hear
one magpie.
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(BIRDSONG ON RECORDING)
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This isn't Panji's
only problem.
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There is no point
in releasing birds
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if they're then just
poached again.
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So he must also change
the hearts and minds
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of those who make a living
from them.
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(BOTH EXCHANGE GREETINGS)
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Panji is meeting with Mr Neo,
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who owns several
award-winning singing birds.
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(UNTRANSLATED CONVERSATION)
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Astonishingly,
in Mr Neo's back yard,
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Panji finds a bird he never
expected to see here...
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...a Javan green magpie.
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PANJI:
I care about birds a loft,
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but also I care about people.
I care about the culture,
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I care about the income
of these people.
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And you can't just forcefully
tell them to stop depending
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their daily life
on this activity
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without giving any solutions.
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DAVID: Panji needs to convince
people like Mr Neo
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that there's another way
to appreciate birds.
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(BIRDSONG)
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He wants to show him
a project in Central Java
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that might persuade him.
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The village of Jatimulyo
was once a hotbed for poaching.
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00:18:13,759 --> 00:18:18,472
But now, instead, the locals
make a living from bird tourism
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and photography competitions.
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It attracts birders
from across Asia.
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00:18:31,652 --> 00:18:34,488
And now the poaching
has stopped.
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00:18:47,543 --> 00:18:49,628
(UNTRANSLATED CONVERSATION)
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00:18:57,720 --> 00:19:00,514
(WHISPERS)
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00:19:06,062 --> 00:19:07,897
(UNTRANSLATED COMMENT)
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00:20:07,415 --> 00:20:10,209
Panji is hopeful
for the future...
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...because he now knows
a change of heart is possible.
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Mr Neo has donated his bird
to the sanctuary.
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00:20:24,515 --> 00:20:27,601
(MAGPIE CALLS)
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And, after months of work,
there is more good news.
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00:20:32,022 --> 00:20:34,942
PANJI: Wait. Wait.
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00:20:35,067 --> 00:20:37,611
This is interesting.
This is interesting.
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00:20:40,156 --> 00:20:41,323
(BIRD CALLS)
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00:20:41,449 --> 00:20:44,243
That's a magpie!
That's a magpie!
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00:20:44,368 --> 00:20:46,203
That's a magpie!
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We found it.
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00:20:51,959 --> 00:20:54,086
We found it!
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With Javan green magpies
confirmed at a secret location,
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Panji is now a step closer
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00:21:02,887 --> 00:21:06,056
to releasing
his captive-bred birds
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00:21:06,182 --> 00:21:08,184
and help ensure the survival
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00:21:08,309 --> 00:21:11,520
of this newly discovered
population.
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00:21:23,824 --> 00:21:26,494
Okinawa Island, Japan.
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00:21:28,454 --> 00:21:31,582
Scientists here
are developing techniques
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00:21:31,707 --> 00:21:32,958
that give us a glimpse
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00:21:33,083 --> 00:21:36,545
of what conservation
could become in the future.
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00:21:42,092 --> 00:21:43,844
(LAUGHTER)
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00:21:57,525 --> 00:22:02,154
Marine biologists
Mr Tomita and Mr Kaneko
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00:22:02,279 --> 00:22:06,033
are taking delivery
of some very precious cargo.
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00:22:08,744 --> 00:22:12,873
There is only limited time
to get the refrigerated unit
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00:22:12,998 --> 00:22:15,125
back to their laboratory.
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Their task is to take
pregnant sharks
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killed accidentally
in fishing nets
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00:23:00,629 --> 00:23:03,299
and rescue their unborn young.
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00:24:00,606 --> 00:24:03,651
They have developed
an incubating system
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00:24:03,776 --> 00:24:06,487
that simulates
the mother shark's womb.
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00:24:09,365 --> 00:24:14,578
The delicate embryos are fed
by their existing yolk sacs.
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00:24:17,373 --> 00:24:20,876
But they need to be surrounded
by a special chemical fluid,
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00:24:21,001 --> 00:24:23,671
similar to that provided
by their mother...
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00:24:27,132 --> 00:24:30,844
...and are kept dark,
as they would be naturally.
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00:25:10,676 --> 00:25:12,553
(UNTRANSLATED COMMENT)
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00:25:21,437 --> 00:25:24,898
The process requires
constant monitoring
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00:25:25,023 --> 00:25:28,152
and the liquid must be changed
as time passes...
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...Io become gradually
more like sea water.
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00:25:46,879 --> 00:25:49,590
After several months,
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00:25:49,715 --> 00:25:53,510
the baby sharks are ready
to be released into a tank...
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...where their development
will continue.
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As we learn more
about the animals
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00:26:20,078 --> 00:26:22,206
with which we share the world,
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00:26:22,331 --> 00:26:25,626
we also invent new techniques
for conserving them.
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00:26:27,419 --> 00:26:31,673
And a recent discovery may
prevent rare species of fish
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00:26:31,799 --> 00:26:34,176
from being caught
in the first place.
257
00:26:40,933 --> 00:26:44,102
Muncar,
on the eastern tip of Java,
258
00:26:44,228 --> 00:26:48,524
is home to one of the region's
largest fishing fleets.
259
00:26:52,611 --> 00:26:54,238
Many rare species
260
00:26:54,363 --> 00:26:56,990
that are caught in drift nets
by accident...
261
00:26:58,116 --> 00:27:00,619
...end up in the market here.
262
00:27:05,165 --> 00:27:08,710
They are known collectively
as by catch...
263
00:27:09,878 --> 00:27:11,880
...and Egin Salim and his team
264
00:27:12,005 --> 00:27:15,592
at the Mobula Project Indonesia
monitor it.
265
00:27:15,717 --> 00:27:17,803
(UNTRANSLATED CONVERSATION)
266
00:27:26,895 --> 00:27:29,815
It's not just small rays
that suffer.
267
00:27:32,150 --> 00:27:37,281
This giant mobula ray was
caught by accident last night.
268
00:27:40,284 --> 00:27:43,245
In the dark depths,
it couldn't see the net
269
00:27:43,370 --> 00:27:46,039
and swam straight into it.
270
00:28:58,153 --> 00:29:02,074
Some new research
could help protect the rays.
271
00:29:07,037 --> 00:29:10,123
Egin is working
with scientists,
272
00:29:10,248 --> 00:29:12,000
including Betty Laglbauer,
273
00:29:12,125 --> 00:29:14,878
who is an expert
on ray eyesight.
274
00:29:15,003 --> 00:29:16,421
I'm good, I'm good.
275
00:29:16,546 --> 00:29:19,549
We think we've finally been
able to basically identify
276
00:29:19,675 --> 00:29:22,302
which wavelengths
the animals can detect.
277
00:29:22,427 --> 00:29:25,472
We're really curious to see
if we could use some lights
278
00:29:25,597 --> 00:29:28,183
that basically shine light
279
00:29:28,308 --> 00:29:32,270
in the specific wavelengths
that these animals can detect,
280
00:29:32,396 --> 00:29:34,606
to try to get them to notice
the nets in the water
281
00:29:34,731 --> 00:29:36,066
before they swim into them.
282
00:29:36,191 --> 00:29:37,818
And if we can...
283
00:29:37,943 --> 00:29:40,779
DAVID: If Betty's theory
is correct,
284
00:29:40,904 --> 00:29:45,409
traditional fishermen
like Egin's friend Pak Usik...
285
00:29:46,702 --> 00:29:49,204
...could help conserve
the species.
286
00:29:51,081 --> 00:29:54,459
But will he be willing
to adopt the idea?
287
00:30:31,496 --> 00:30:35,250
Tonight, the lights
will be tested on the net.
288
00:30:39,963 --> 00:30:41,339
If the science is accurate,
289
00:30:41,465 --> 00:30:44,426
green lights will be visible
to rays...
290
00:30:46,011 --> 00:30:50,057
...but not to the fish that Pak
Usik and his crew depend on
291
00:30:50,182 --> 00:30:52,059
to feed their families.
292
00:31:02,235 --> 00:31:04,529
It's the moment of truth.
293
00:31:13,080 --> 00:31:15,582
There are plenty
of target fish.
294
00:31:18,251 --> 00:31:22,339
And no rays have been caught
in the net tonight.
295
00:31:25,675 --> 00:31:28,220
Pak Usik is relieved.
296
00:31:36,186 --> 00:31:40,941
This initial trial gives hope
that there might be a way
297
00:31:41,066 --> 00:31:44,111
to safeguard ray species
across Asia...
298
00:31:47,239 --> 00:31:48,782
...and beyond.
299
00:31:58,542 --> 00:32:01,670
Technology is increasingly
being used
300
00:32:01,795 --> 00:32:03,797
in the fight to save wildlife.
301
00:32:07,592 --> 00:32:10,262
And in Hong Kong,
302
00:32:10,387 --> 00:32:12,681
a small team are testing
303
00:32:12,806 --> 00:32:14,516
a new way of protecting
304
00:32:14,641 --> 00:32:19,354
another of Asia's most
threatened marine creatures.
305
00:32:23,483 --> 00:32:28,822
This city consumes over 800
tonnes of seafood every day,
306
00:32:28,947 --> 00:32:32,868
including one rare
coral-reef species...
307
00:32:35,120 --> 00:32:40,250
...the ultimate luxury
delicacy - the Napoleon fish.
308
00:32:47,632 --> 00:32:51,344
Yvonne Sadovy,
a marine biologist
309
00:32:51,469 --> 00:32:53,847
from the University
of Hong Kong,
310
00:32:53,972 --> 00:32:56,183
is an expert on this species.
311
00:32:59,936 --> 00:33:02,606
YVONNE: These animals
are complex.
312
00:33:02,731 --> 00:33:04,608
They're very intelligent,
313
00:33:04,733 --> 00:33:08,153
and in the wild
get really, really big -
314
00:33:08,278 --> 00:33:10,572
over one and a half metres.
315
00:33:14,326 --> 00:33:16,369
It lives a very long time.
316
00:33:16,494 --> 00:33:18,163
We're talking about
well over 30 years -
317
00:33:18,288 --> 00:33:21,583
longer than lions,
longer than tigers.
318
00:33:22,959 --> 00:33:25,670
So these big males,
they're like the old men
319
00:33:25,795 --> 00:33:27,964
of the reef,
the wise men of the reef.
320
00:33:29,883 --> 00:33:33,386
But nowadays, there aren't
many large ones left.
321
00:33:33,511 --> 00:33:35,388
They're being fished
quite heavily
322
00:33:35,513 --> 00:33:36,806
and they're disappearing.
323
00:33:41,937 --> 00:33:43,897
Because of their status,
324
00:33:44,022 --> 00:33:47,317
very few Napoleon fish
are allowed to be imported
325
00:33:47,442 --> 00:33:51,488
and then sold in Hong Kong
under international law.
326
00:33:57,494 --> 00:34:00,997
But only some restaurants
are sticking to the quotas,
327
00:34:01,122 --> 00:34:05,126
and too many fish are ending up
on dinner plates.
328
00:34:09,339 --> 00:34:12,133
YVONNE: A number of years ago,
I would go to work every day
329
00:34:12,259 --> 00:34:13,927
past a little restaurant.
330
00:34:14,052 --> 00:34:18,765
And I seemed to be seeing the
same two Napoleons in that tank
331
00:34:18,890 --> 00:34:21,893
every day for weeks
and weeks and weeks.
332
00:34:23,853 --> 00:34:27,440
I started taking photographs
of them every day.
333
00:34:27,565 --> 00:34:31,778
And what I noticed over time
was a changeover in fish,
334
00:34:31,903 --> 00:34:34,990
as I could tell
by the facial markings.
335
00:34:37,284 --> 00:34:41,079
Something like 14 fish
had gone through the tank.
336
00:34:42,998 --> 00:34:45,250
We realised how easy it was
337
00:34:45,375 --> 00:34:48,753
to actually just replace
legally imported fish
338
00:34:48,878 --> 00:34:51,589
with one
that's illegally imported.
339
00:34:53,800 --> 00:34:56,219
How ever would anyone
detect that?
340
00:34:58,847 --> 00:35:01,057
DAVID: Yvonne has
gathered together a team
341
00:35:01,182 --> 00:35:05,353
to work on an innovative
solution to this problem.
342
00:35:07,605 --> 00:35:11,318
Every Napoleon fish
has unique markings
343
00:35:11,443 --> 00:35:13,153
on the side of its head.
344
00:35:15,739 --> 00:35:18,575
Loby Hau is helping Yvonne
develop
345
00:35:18,700 --> 00:35:20,493
a facial-recognition app.
346
00:35:21,786 --> 00:35:25,832
It should allow them
to identify individual fish
347
00:35:25,957 --> 00:35:28,209
and so monitor
the number on sale
348
00:35:28,335 --> 00:35:30,295
across the city's restaurants.
349
00:35:37,010 --> 00:35:39,971
LOBY: We are trying to develop
a new technique
350
00:35:40,096 --> 00:35:41,931
to protect the species.
351
00:35:44,017 --> 00:35:45,560
(KNOCK ON DOOR)
352
00:35:47,062 --> 00:35:48,104
- Hi, Loby.
- Hello.
353
00:35:48,229 --> 00:35:49,939
Come in.
354
00:35:51,858 --> 00:35:54,277
LOBY: We think
what we've developed
355
00:35:54,402 --> 00:35:56,988
can really be a breakthrough
in conservation.
356
00:35:58,198 --> 00:36:01,659
Here we have the similarity
score, from 0% to 100%.
357
00:36:02,702 --> 00:36:05,622
LOBY: We can keep improving it,
358
00:36:05,747 --> 00:36:07,248
- with more images.
- Right.
359
00:36:07,374 --> 00:36:09,959
SO you can see
these are different fish.
360
00:36:10,085 --> 00:36:13,421
DAVID: The app has been
over five years in the making.
361
00:36:13,546 --> 00:36:14,714
LOBY: ...eyes are different,
362
00:36:14,839 --> 00:36:16,341
left and right,
and it's quite distinct.
363
00:36:16,466 --> 00:36:20,470
And with the prototype
now at an advanced stage,
364
00:36:20,595 --> 00:36:22,430
the team are training it
365
00:36:22,555 --> 00:36:26,351
with as many images of Napoleon
fish as they can gather.
366
00:36:29,062 --> 00:36:32,107
So what's the percentage match,
for example, with this one?
367
00:36:33,274 --> 00:36:34,984
- 98.
- 98.
368
00:36:35,110 --> 00:36:36,611
Absolutely fantastic.
369
00:36:50,917 --> 00:36:53,378
If the app is to be a success,
370
00:36:53,503 --> 00:36:57,382
it will need the support
of people like Lee Choi-wah,
371
00:36:57,507 --> 00:37:02,220
who represents live seafood
traders throughout Hong Kong.
372
00:37:13,523 --> 00:37:15,733
That's good to know,
I tell you. Yeah.
373
00:37:17,902 --> 00:37:22,490
With the support of
organisations such as Mr Lee's,
374
00:37:22,615 --> 00:37:27,370
widespread take-up of the app
is now a real possibility.
375
00:37:29,747 --> 00:37:31,791
YVONNE: Absolutely
the next step has to be
376
00:37:31,916 --> 00:37:34,210
that the government
adopts this approach
377
00:37:34,335 --> 00:37:36,254
in their enforcement work.
378
00:37:37,338 --> 00:37:38,882
There is no other choice.
379
00:37:41,176 --> 00:37:43,845
DAVID: The technology
now exists
380
00:37:43,970 --> 00:37:46,931
to monitor the number
of Napoleon fish being sold
381
00:37:47,056 --> 00:37:51,186
and so control the illegal
trade in the species.
382
00:37:53,146 --> 00:37:56,316
It has the potential
to be a game-changer.
383
00:38:06,701 --> 00:38:10,079
Globally,
wildlife is one of the largest
384
00:38:10,205 --> 00:38:15,084
black-market commodities,
alongside drugs and arms.
385
00:38:15,210 --> 00:38:19,714
The trade is worth
over $20 billion.
386
00:38:25,720 --> 00:38:29,516
And one country in Asia
Sits at its crossroads.
387
00:38:38,066 --> 00:38:39,692
Nepal.
388
00:38:42,362 --> 00:38:45,031
Stretching east-west
along the southern flanks
389
00:38:45,156 --> 00:38:47,325
of the Himalaya...
390
00:38:47,450 --> 00:38:51,454
...It has a 1,000-mile border,
used by smugglers
391
00:38:51,579 --> 00:38:54,999
who take animals from the wild
in southern Asia
392
00:38:55,124 --> 00:38:58,211
to sell to wealthy buyers
in China.
393
00:39:05,176 --> 00:39:07,345
At the border crossing,
394
00:39:07,470 --> 00:39:10,557
many globally threatened
species are seized,
395
00:39:10,682 --> 00:39:13,059
including red pandas...
396
00:39:13,184 --> 00:39:15,645
...and leopards.
397
00:39:18,106 --> 00:39:24,195
Kumar Paudel is working
to stop this criminal activity.
398
00:39:25,738 --> 00:39:29,200
Today, he's teaching
customs officials
399
00:39:29,325 --> 00:39:32,161
how to identify
animal products.
400
00:39:56,728 --> 00:40:00,690
Intercepting illegal goods
is a positive step...
401
00:40:01,858 --> 00:40:03,818
...but catching the traffickers
402
00:40:03,943 --> 00:40:06,946
who operate inside Nepal
is key.
403
00:40:10,241 --> 00:40:13,411
In Kathmandu,
Kumar and his team
404
00:40:13,536 --> 00:40:15,455
collect information
on smugglers...
405
00:40:17,206 --> 00:40:20,793
...and share their findings
with police.
406
00:40:32,930 --> 00:40:35,725
Kumar has
some important intelligence
407
00:40:35,850 --> 00:40:39,520
for his contacts
in the specialist wildlife unit
408
00:40:39,646 --> 00:40:43,900
that is at the front line in
the fight against trafficking.
409
00:40:49,781 --> 00:40:51,407
(UNTRANSLATED COMMENT)
410
00:41:11,636 --> 00:41:14,639
The police have confirmed
Kumar's information...
411
00:41:15,932 --> 00:41:18,768
...and are planning
a sting operation.
412
00:41:20,770 --> 00:41:23,564
An undercover officer
will go ahead,
413
00:41:23,690 --> 00:41:25,233
posing as a buyer.
414
00:41:34,075 --> 00:41:36,119
The rest of the team
will follow
415
00:41:36,244 --> 00:41:39,914
and move in
once contact is made.
416
00:42:44,562 --> 00:42:47,190
The team close in
on the target.
417
00:43:14,884 --> 00:43:17,220
Destined for the black market,
418
00:43:17,345 --> 00:43:20,681
a sack of scales
from a pangolin -
419
00:43:20,807 --> 00:43:23,434
a critically endangered mammal.
420
00:43:24,811 --> 00:43:27,939
And people are risking
their freedom for it.
421
00:44:46,642 --> 00:44:51,606
Across Asia, pangolin numbers
are in serious decline.
422
00:44:51,731 --> 00:44:55,902
And although poaching
is the main threat they face,
423
00:44:56,027 --> 00:44:58,070
there are other issues.
424
00:45:12,960 --> 00:45:16,380
Sunda pangolins are now
being squeezed out
425
00:45:16,505 --> 00:45:20,927
of their remaining forest
habitats by urban development.
426
00:45:28,559 --> 00:45:30,853
In Singapore,
the few that remain
427
00:45:30,978 --> 00:45:33,731
are forced to eke out
an existence
428
00:45:33,856 --> 00:45:36,817
in the shadow
of the city's skyscrapers.
429
00:45:39,820 --> 00:45:43,407
And pangolins often find
themselves in trouble...
430
00:45:44,575 --> 00:45:47,078
...out of place
431
00:45:47,203 --> 00:45:49,163
and in the heart of the city.
432
00:46:00,299 --> 00:46:02,009
Kalai Balakrishnan
433
00:46:02,134 --> 00:46:06,555
runs the only 24-hour
wildlife rescue charity here.
434
00:46:08,557 --> 00:46:10,267
And he's a busy man.
435
00:46:10,393 --> 00:46:11,936
KALAI: Is this where
you saw the bat?
436
00:46:12,061 --> 00:46:13,854
Yeah, it's where I last saw it.
437
00:46:13,980 --> 00:46:15,815
KALAI: He's in the door frame.
438
00:46:15,940 --> 00:46:19,318
WOMAN: Oh, my God!
Is it in the door frame?
439
00:46:20,569 --> 00:46:23,406
KALAI: Considering
how small we are,
440
00:46:23,531 --> 00:46:27,994
and considering how little
forest cover we have left,
441
00:46:28,119 --> 00:46:31,747
I would say that we are
pretty rich in biodiversity.
442
00:46:33,666 --> 00:46:38,254
Currently, we are averaging
about 1,800 calls a month.
443
00:46:44,927 --> 00:46:47,763
Definitely,
there has been an increase
444
00:46:47,888 --> 00:46:51,017
in wildlife
coming into urban areas.
445
00:46:52,810 --> 00:46:54,270
There are more and more species
446
00:46:54,395 --> 00:46:57,231
that are involved
in this conflict with people.
447
00:46:58,691 --> 00:47:00,735
A lot of pangolins
that we rescue,
448
00:47:00,860 --> 00:47:01,986
they are in urban areas.
449
00:47:02,111 --> 00:47:05,448
They are obviously coming out
either because of development
450
00:47:05,573 --> 00:47:07,658
or maybe they're looking
for a mate.
451
00:47:08,784 --> 00:47:11,245
We have rescued them
under flats...
452
00:47:12,705 --> 00:47:14,165
...in drains...
453
00:47:15,291 --> 00:47:17,710
...in construction sites.
454
00:47:21,547 --> 00:47:23,466
DAVID: A call has just come in.
455
00:47:25,217 --> 00:47:29,013
A pangolin has been found
in a critical condition.
456
00:47:29,138 --> 00:47:31,432
KALAI: We don't know
what might have happened.
457
00:47:31,557 --> 00:47:35,061
The pangolin seems
to be in pretty bad shape
458
00:47:35,186 --> 00:47:37,146
in the middle of a golf course.
459
00:47:39,356 --> 00:47:41,233
A lot of pangolins here
460
00:47:41,358 --> 00:47:44,361
unfortunately die
from road Kills
461
00:47:44,487 --> 00:47:45,988
because a lot of our roads
462
00:47:46,113 --> 00:47:48,491
are dividing the nature
reserves and the greenery
463
00:47:48,616 --> 00:47:50,242
that we have here -
the habitats.
464
00:47:51,494 --> 00:47:54,288
So, yeah, we want to do this
as soon as possible
465
00:47:54,413 --> 00:47:56,582
so that he has a better chance
of surviving
466
00:47:56,707 --> 00:47:58,834
as a critically endangered
species.
467
00:48:04,799 --> 00:48:06,634
KALAI: In a lot
of the rescues we do,
468
00:48:06,759 --> 00:48:08,886
we often get asked
this question...
469
00:48:10,012 --> 00:48:11,806
"Where did this animal
come from?"
470
00:48:17,728 --> 00:48:20,731
People don't realise
that they were always here.
471
00:48:20,856 --> 00:48:22,525
It's we who moved in
472
00:48:22,650 --> 00:48:25,152
and they are just trying
to survive alongside us.
473
00:48:30,241 --> 00:48:32,576
I think its back legs
are broken.
474
00:48:32,701 --> 00:48:34,995
It has a depression
at the side of the abdomen,
475
00:48:35,121 --> 00:48:36,580
which is not a good thing.
476
00:48:40,459 --> 00:48:43,087
Kalai works
with specialist vets...
477
00:48:44,672 --> 00:48:49,593
...who are world-class pioneers
in caring for pangolins.
478
00:48:53,180 --> 00:48:55,891
The team will do
everything they can
479
00:48:56,016 --> 00:48:58,811
for this elderly, fragile male.
480
00:49:03,649 --> 00:49:05,192
VET: He's lost a lot
of body condition.
481
00:49:05,317 --> 00:49:07,695
He can't seem to manage
his wounds very well.
482
00:49:09,488 --> 00:49:11,198
He cannot fend for himself.
483
00:49:15,619 --> 00:49:18,914
KALAI. Sometimes [ think
all of us just want to give up.
484
00:49:21,333 --> 00:49:24,003
But I think tenacity
is a very important thing.
485
00:49:26,714 --> 00:49:30,801
You've just got to really
believe that every living thing
486
00:49:30,926 --> 00:49:33,512
has a value
and has a place here.
487
00:49:35,598 --> 00:49:37,016
KALAI: The passion
488
00:49:37,141 --> 00:49:40,561
and the wanting to help animals
is very important.
489
00:49:40,686 --> 00:49:42,646
I grew up being like that.
490
00:49:43,898 --> 00:49:48,068
But, as much as you try,
you can't always succeed.
491
00:50:02,333 --> 00:50:03,751
(PHONE RINGS)
492
00:50:05,586 --> 00:50:08,964
DAVID: Only a few hours later,
Kalai is called out
493
00:50:09,089 --> 00:50:13,928
to a multistorey car park
to pick up another pangolin.
494
00:50:15,638 --> 00:50:16,764
Right.
495
00:50:20,517 --> 00:50:22,478
It's OK, it's OK.
496
00:50:25,522 --> 00:50:26,941
It's a youngster...
497
00:50:28,776 --> 00:50:32,154
...less than six months old
and full of life.
498
00:50:35,241 --> 00:50:37,117
You're fine.
You're going to make it.
499
00:50:37,243 --> 00:50:39,536
You're going to make it.
You're going to make it, OK?
500
00:50:39,662 --> 00:50:41,872
It's OK, it's OK.
501
00:50:41,997 --> 00:50:44,291
Kalai has arrived just in time.
502
00:50:45,501 --> 00:50:47,920
The pangolin
is out of harm's way
503
00:50:48,045 --> 00:50:51,507
and can be released
where it won't get run over...
504
00:50:52,841 --> 00:50:55,135
KALAI: So we're just going
to pop this guy in
505
00:50:55,261 --> 00:50:57,596
and, yeah, just let him go.
506
00:51:00,474 --> 00:51:04,687
...giving this precious
individual a second chance.
507
00:51:09,233 --> 00:51:12,444
Kalai's work
gives urban wildlife
508
00:51:12,569 --> 00:51:14,738
a much-needed
helping hand.
509
00:51:18,200 --> 00:51:19,868
But elsewhere in Asia,
510
00:51:19,994 --> 00:51:24,331
conservationists are attempting
something even more ambitious.
511
00:51:26,542 --> 00:51:29,003
They're trying to break
the link
512
00:51:29,128 --> 00:51:31,797
between the destruction
of the natural world
513
00:51:31,922 --> 00:51:33,257
and poverty.
514
00:51:44,852 --> 00:51:49,189
The Batang Toru cloud forest
in Sumatra.
515
00:51:51,233 --> 00:51:56,155
This is home to the most
recently discovered great ape.
516
00:51:59,366 --> 00:52:02,536
But it's already
the most threatened.
517
00:52:16,216 --> 00:52:19,094
The Tapanuli orangutan.
518
00:52:24,224 --> 00:52:29,104
This baby and its mother
are two of only 800 left.
519
00:52:39,531 --> 00:52:43,160
Hotlin Ompusunggu
is working to save them,
520
00:52:43,285 --> 00:52:45,454
alongside the local community.
521
00:53:00,427 --> 00:53:03,055
(UNTRANSLATED)
522
00:53:28,455 --> 00:53:31,667
Even though the orangutans'
habitat is remote,
523
00:53:31,792 --> 00:53:35,712
their last stronghold
is under extreme pressure
524
00:53:35,838 --> 00:53:37,798
from human encroachment.
525
00:53:41,969 --> 00:53:45,639
But Hotlin has a unique
approach to conservation -
526
00:53:45,764 --> 00:53:49,226
one that involves
the entire community.
527
00:53:49,351 --> 00:53:51,186
(WHIRRING)
528
00:53:51,311 --> 00:53:55,315
And it all starts
in a most unlikely place.
529
00:54:01,113 --> 00:54:02,573
(WHIRRING)
530
00:54:05,284 --> 00:54:06,910
HOTLIN: / am a dentist.
531
00:54:07,035 --> 00:54:10,539
I work in a rural area.
532
00:54:12,749 --> 00:54:16,670
The community are very poor.
533
00:54:16,795 --> 00:54:19,965
Dental care
is still very limited.
534
00:54:20,090 --> 00:54:22,092
Healthcare is expensive.
535
00:54:23,594 --> 00:54:26,388
They believe that the forest
should be protected...
536
00:54:27,473 --> 00:54:30,809
...that the forest is important
for their well being.
537
00:54:30,934 --> 00:54:34,021
But when they have
no other option to survive,
538
00:54:34,146 --> 00:54:37,065
they have to cut trees
for timber.
539
00:54:39,318 --> 00:54:43,530
There is a connection
between poverty and logging.
540
00:54:44,656 --> 00:54:47,201
And poverty bring more poverty.
541
00:54:50,078 --> 00:54:52,498
DAVID: To reverse
deforestation,
542
00:54:52,623 --> 00:54:56,835
Hotlin has come up
with an ingenious solution.
543
00:54:56,960 --> 00:54:58,879
Hello, Enan.
544
00:54:59,004 --> 00:55:00,839
Villagers are encouraged
545
00:55:00,964 --> 00:55:03,217
to grow trees from seeds
at home
546
00:55:03,342 --> 00:55:06,512
and then bring the saplings
along to the clinic
547
00:55:06,637 --> 00:55:09,139
as part-payment
for their treatment.
548
00:55:12,935 --> 00:55:16,480
Chainsaws can also
be traded in.
549
00:55:18,607 --> 00:55:21,235
HOTLIN: They can have
the treatment.
550
00:55:21,360 --> 00:55:24,321
At the same time,
they can also help
551
00:55:24,446 --> 00:55:28,492
to protect and rehabilitate
the forest.
552
00:55:30,160 --> 00:55:32,329
DAVID: Given time,
553
00:55:32,454 --> 00:55:36,041
Hotlin's work will help
take pressure off the forest
554
00:55:36,166 --> 00:55:37,709
and the orangutan.
555
00:55:39,628 --> 00:55:42,297
(UNTRANSLATED CONVERSATION)
556
00:55:42,422 --> 00:55:45,175
Orangutan. Photo?
557
00:55:46,260 --> 00:55:47,553
Ah!
558
00:55:55,185 --> 00:55:58,355
HOTLIN: Orangutan is important
for us.
559
00:55:58,480 --> 00:56:00,941
It's a mutual relationship.
560
00:56:02,234 --> 00:56:05,445
They are the one
who look after the forest.
561
00:56:07,197 --> 00:56:10,993
They will save
the source of water
562
00:56:11,118 --> 00:56:13,829
for the people who live nearby.
563
00:56:40,814 --> 00:56:44,151
DAVID: It might seem like
a huge leap of faith...
564
00:56:45,694 --> 00:56:49,364
...but there is real evidence
this concept works.
565
00:56:52,159 --> 00:56:56,747
Back in 2007, on the
neighbouring island of Borneo,
566
00:56:56,872 --> 00:57:00,083
Hotlin co-founded
the world's first
567
00:57:00,208 --> 00:57:04,963
conservation health clinic
with a staff of fewer than ten.
568
00:57:11,136 --> 00:57:12,721
- Aah!
- (LAUGHTER)
569
00:57:12,846 --> 00:57:15,432
Today it has over 90...
570
00:57:17,184 --> 00:57:18,644
...and is thriving.
571
00:57:20,103 --> 00:57:21,813
(CHATTER)
572
00:57:21,938 --> 00:57:24,858
(UNTRANSLATED CHATTER)
573
00:57:32,783 --> 00:57:35,911
HOTLIN: The challenge
when we started this,
574
00:57:36,036 --> 00:57:39,498
I said, "If you want to do
something good
575
00:57:39,623 --> 00:57:40,749
"you have to believe in it,"
576
00:57:40,874 --> 00:57:45,337
and sometimes we don't even
know how it will turn out,
577
00:57:45,462 --> 00:57:49,049
but just believe
and don't compromise
578
00:57:49,174 --> 00:57:50,926
in what you want to achieve.
579
00:57:53,011 --> 00:57:56,014
So I tell them it's like
in a Bollywood movie
580
00:57:56,139 --> 00:57:58,517
at the end... (LAUGHS)
581
00:57:58,642 --> 00:58:00,602
We will dance at the end.
582
00:58:05,273 --> 00:58:09,569
The ASRI Clinic now has
a huge bank of saplings
583
00:58:09,695 --> 00:58:12,948
brought in by patients
to help pay for treatment.
584
00:58:15,784 --> 00:58:19,579
These are being used
to reforest areas
585
00:58:19,705 --> 00:58:22,207
that were once stripped
of vegetation.
586
00:58:38,724 --> 00:58:41,101
And once the trees return...
587
00:58:47,107 --> 00:58:48,567
...the animals follow.
588
00:58:49,818 --> 00:58:52,404
(LAUGHTER)
589
00:59:01,496 --> 00:59:03,415
From its bustling cities...
590
00:59:06,042 --> 00:59:07,919
...To its rich oceans...
591
00:59:10,130 --> 00:59:12,257
...across Asia,
592
00:59:12,382 --> 00:59:15,594
individuals
are working tirelessly
593
00:59:15,719 --> 00:59:18,096
to bring about
positive change...
594
00:59:20,098 --> 00:59:22,976
...united by one aim...
595
00:59:26,563 --> 00:59:30,400
...[♪ protect the continent's
natural riches
596
00:59:30,525 --> 00:59:32,527
for future generations.
597
00:59:35,280 --> 00:59:36,865
(BIRDS CALL)
598
00:59:36,990 --> 00:59:38,950
There is a long way to go,
599
00:59:39,075 --> 00:59:41,536
and they may not succeed...
600
00:59:43,121 --> 00:59:45,248
...but if this region...
601
00:59:46,875 --> 00:59:50,921
...home to almost 60%
of the people on the planet,
602
00:59:51,046 --> 00:59:53,924
can find ways to coexist
with wildlife...
603
00:59:55,592 --> 01:00:00,388
...then there is surely hope
for the rest of the world.